Тест с ответами Синергии «Иностранный язык в сфере юриспруденции»
The legal framework within which public administration is carried out is … law
A system of treaties and agreements between nations that governs how nations interact with other nations, citizens of other nations, and businesses of other nations is … law
An area of United States law that involves agreements between people, businesses, and groups is … law
Correlate the branch of law with regulated legal relationship:
… laws are statutory instruments made by local governments to regulate a broad range of issues within their communities
… is the estimated or appraised worth of any object or property, calculated in money
… is a comprehensive legal term that describes the condition of being actually or potentially subject to a legal obligation
… values are usually mutual for different communities and could be described using the following characteristics – socially acceptable, right and wrong
Match the words with their synonyms:
The company that makes a particular brand of sneakers is an example of the … of the sneakers
‘Ius civile’ applied to … citizens
Human Rights Without … (HRWF) is an international non-profit organization that promotes respect for human rights around the globe and advocates for democracy, the rule of law and social justice
Arrange the documents chronologically:
Arrange the documents chronologically:
Unlike most modern states, … does not have a codified constitution but an unwritten one formed of Acts of Parliament, court judgments and conventions
According to the Constitution there are 3 branches: …, executive and judiciary
… rests upon popular participation in government, constitutionalism upon disclosure of and openness about the affairs of government
In certain cases, drug use can be connected to crimes that only relate to drugs in an … way
Drug use is regarded as a real problem in many parts of the world, although the extent of the issue varies greatly depending on culture, access, and …
Drug … is a global illicit trade involving the cultivation, manufacture, distribution and sale of substances which are subject to drug prohibition laws
The distinction between Public and Private Law is a purely academic debate, nevertheless, it also affects legal practice. There are areas of law, which may not fit into distinction of Public or Private Law. Study the following case: An employment inspector investigates workplace safety, checking all the equipment. The inspector investigates workplace incidents, and conducts workplace inspections to evaluate compliance. Decide whether it falls into the category of Public or Private law.
Mary had therapy sessions. She found out that the psychologist sent copies of her case notes to the insurance carrier responsible for reimbursement and that therapist should not have revealed this information. Client reported psychologist to the APA Ethics Committee for violating confidentiality principles. Psychologist explained to Ethics Committee that any client understands that their confidentiality may be breached when using an insurance company for third-party reimbursement due to administrative and professional peer review. Nonetheless, psychologist never informed client of this risk before therapy began, rather, he assumed client “must understand” the protocol. Think of the Ethics Committee adjudication.
Analyze the following case: Therapist sent a third billing notice to a slow-to- pay client’s fax machine in her office but client did not report to work that day. The bill was titled “psychological services rendered” and handwritten in large print was “Third Notice – OVERDUE!!” with client’s name. This notice sat in an open access mail tray of the busy office all day. Was is reasonable? Is it allowed to send private material in such a manner?
Rachel buys a commercial welding machine for her building business. A few weeks later, it breaks down. Can Rachel get a remedy from the store he bought it from?
Susan buys a cup of coffee and accidentally spills it at Kate’s bar. What must Kate do to fix the problem?
You are a lawyer. In Liza’s electronics shop in the Russia Federation Ivan buys an expensive TV-set. Three weeks after the 12-month manufacturer’s warranty expires, the TV-set stops working. Must Liza give Ivan a remedy?
Judy owns a clothing retail store. One of her customers returns a T-shirt because it doesn’t fit her. Does Judy have to give her customer a different size or a refund?
Meghan is an interior designer. A supplier installs a gondola incorrectly and it breaks a month later. Who must fix the problem?
Mary had therapy sessions. She found out that the psychologist sent copies of her case notes to the insurance carrier responsible for reimbursement and that therapist should not have revealed this information. Client reported psychologist to the APA Ethics Committee for violating confidentiality principles. Psychologist explained to Ethics Committee that any client understands that their confidentiality may be breached when using an insurance company for third-party reimbursement due to administrative and professional peer review. Nonetheless, psychologist never informed client of this risk before therapy began, rather, he assumed client “must understand” the protocol. Think of the Ethics Committee adjudication.
Analyze the following case: Therapist sent a third billing notice to a slow-to- pay client’s fax machine in her office but client did not report to work that day. The bill was titled “psychological services rendered” and handwritten in large print was “Third Notice – OVERDUE!!” with client’s name. This notice sat in an open access mail tray of the busy office all day. Was is reasonable? Is it allowed to send private material in such a manner?
Rachel buys a commercial welding machine for her building business. A few weeks later, it breaks down. Can Rachel get a remedy from the store he bought it from?
Susan buys a cup of coffee and accidentally spills it at Kate’s bar. What must Kate do to fix the problem?
Judy owns a clothing retail store. One of her customers returns a T-shirt because it doesn’t fit her. Does Judy have to give her customer a different size or a refund?
Meghan is an interior designer. A supplier installs a gondola incorrectly and it breaks a month later. Who must fix the problem?
Stacy and several of her friends play in a women's hockey league at the skate rink. Quite frequently, the male rink attendants don’t give them their full allotted ice time. The attendants make jokes on the women. Stacy thinks that their rights are violated. She has even complained but the manager has done nothing and supported men. Have the rink attendants violated the young women's human rights?
Susan is an Asian-American. She wanted to continue her studies at a local public college but her application was rejected. Susan has grounds to suppose that it was because of her ethnic origin. She filed suit against the college.
What law is applied in such a case?
The distinction between Public and Private Law is a purely academic debate, nevertheless, it also affects legal practice. There are areas of law, which may not fit into distinction of Public or Private Law. Study the following case:
An employment inspector investigates workplace safety, checking all the equipment. The inspector investigates workplace incidents, and conducts workplace inspections to evaluate compliance.
Decide whether it falls into the category of Public or
Private law.
Mary had therapy sessions. She found out that the psychologist sent copies of her case notes to the insurance carrier responsible for reimbursement and that therapist should not have revealed this information.
Client reported psychologist to the APA Ethics Committee for violating confidentiality principles. Psychologist explained to Ethics Committee that any client understands that their confidentiality may be breached when using an insurance company for third-party reimbursement due to administrative and professional peer review. Nonetheless, psychologist never informed client of this risk before therapy began, rather, he assumed client “must understand” the protocol.
Think of the Ethics Committee adjudication.
Analyze the following case:
Therapist sent a third billing notice to a slow-to- pay
client’s fax machine in her office but client did not report to work that day. The bill was titled “psychological
services rendered” and handwritten in large print was “Third Notice – OVERDUE!!” with client’s name. This notice sat in an open access mail tray of the busy office all day.
Was is reasonable? Is it allowed to send private material
in such a manner?
Rachel buys a commercial welding machine for her building business. A few weeks later, it breaks down. Can Rachel get a remedy from the store he bought it from?
Susan buys a cup of coffee and accidentally spills it at Kate’s bar.
What must Kate do to fix the problem?
You are a lawyer. In Liza’s electronics shop in the Russia Federation Ivan buys an expensive TV-set. Three weeks after the 12-month manufacturer’s warranty expires, the TV-set stops working.
Must Liza give Ivan a remedy?
Judy owns a clothing retail store. One of her customers returns a T-shirt because it doesn’t fit her.
Does Judy have to give her customer a different size or a refund?
The idea of written laws first appears in … culture
We can find he expression “An eye for an eye, and a tooth for a tooth” in the …
law deals with marriage and divorce
A number of principles of a formal and procedural character, addressing the way in which a community is governed comprises …
The main spheres of law are …
… is classified as private law
The body of rules, doctrines, and practices that govern the operation of political communities is …
Criminal law prosecutes activities which are …
A person who hears a case at court is called a …
The legal framework within which public administration is carried out is … law
A system of treaties and agreements between nations that governs how nations interact with other nations, citizens of other nations, and businesses of other nations is … law
Most rules of law have developed from the … that are known as a settled and accepted way of behavior in the defined circumstances
A legal … is the legal condition of a person who is required or forbidden by the law to perform an act
is a scheme of social control that is represented by a combination of relations between several things
The law creates a … system including the system of the courts for mitigating controversies
An area of United States law that involves agreements between people, businesses, and groups is … law
Correlate the branch of law with regulated legal relationship:
Match the given expressions with the definitions:
The forms of laws are …
The law operates in the … environment
…
The laws are enforced according to their acceptance by …
… laws are statutory instruments made by local governments to regulate a broad range of issues withintheir communities
… is the condition of being free of restraints, especially the ability to act without control or interference by another or by circumstance
Although,there are values accepted by the whole
community,there are also … values thatmay be specific
Attributethe following termsto the appropriate groups:
Apart from Rospotrebnadzor, protection of … rights in Russia is also conducted by municipal authorities that review applications from consumers, give necessary consultations and apply to courts to protect consumers
Under the Russian law, the state control and … ofconsumer protection as well as sanitary and epidemiological safety of the population is conducted by the Russian Federal Consumer Rights Protection and Human HealthControl Service (Rospotrebnadzor)
Strict liability is applied regardless of whether or not contractual relations exist. The test for whether ‘…
information’ was supplied to aconsumer is quite
uncertain
Code of … Offences establishes liability for certain offences committed against a consumer, such as: selling goods and rendering works or services of improper
quality
… is an organisation, regardless of the organisational- and-legal form thereof, or an individual businessman
engaged in importing commodities for their subsequent sale
Product … is the ability of a product to be safe forintended use, as determined when evaluated against a setof established rules
Consumer … laws are designed to prevent businessesfrom engaging in fraud or unfair practices, to protect individuals from scam artists, and identity thieves and
crooks
Match the wordswith their synonyms:
Match the wordswith their synonyms:
Arrange the following legal actschronologically:
The United Nations Guidelines for Consumer Protection, that were adopted in 1985 and revised in 1999, propose a list of objectives described as “legitimate …”
The Consumer Code in Italy came into force on 23October 2005 and has been a … body of law for the protection of consumer rights
Arrange the following acts chronologically:
Match the words with the synonyms:
Historically, under the common law doctrine of caveat emptor, … hadvery little protection frommisleading
sales, requiring consumers to inspect all transactions themselves
The rights and responsibilities of consumers, legal provisions and mechanism for settlement of consumer grievances are called … protection
Consumer protection laws safeguard … of goods and services against defective products and deceptive, fraudulent business practices
The earliest Consumer Protection law was…
The … and anti-monopoly laws passed both at the close of the 19th century, as well as the early years of the 20th century disallowed for the commercial monopolization of the commercial market for the first time in conjunction with recorded and mandated legislature within theUnited States
Consumer Protection within the computer age preventsfrom the defrauding of consumers engaging within the … marketplace upon regulating the methods and activities of electronic commerce and transactions
Consumer Protection Laws specific to … commerce provides the regulation and oversight of the integrity of products and services offered within a virtual
marketplace
consumer…
Arrangethe following consumer acts chronologically:
Match the words with the synonyms:
Antique shop owner Mary uses a courier serviceto ship a set of china to John. The china set gets broken during delivery. You are a lawyer. Advise Mary as toher liability.
Who will be responsible for fixing the problem?
… is the practice of safeguarding buyers of goods and services, and the public, against unfair practices in the marketplace
Consumer protection ensures that … make well-informeddecisions about their choices and have access to effective redress mechanisms
Product … in Russia is regulated by the Civil Code of the Russian Federation (the Civil Code) and the Law “OnConsumer Protection” dated 7 February 1992 (the Consumer Protection Law)
The … Code and the Consumer Protection Law contain a number of provisions by which manufacturers may incur liability for loss or damage suffered by the consumers of their products, regardless of whether or not a direct contractual relationship exists
Russia belongs to …
It is not correct that legal doctrine is alsorecognized as a
… of law
The … is an individual who has the intention of ordering or acquiring goods (works, services) or who orders, acquires or uses them exclusively for personal, family, household and other needsnot relating to the pursuance of entrepreneurial activities
The … is an organization regardless of its organisational and legal form and also an individual entrepreneur who performs works or renders services to consumers under a cost contract
The … is an organization, regardless of its organisational and legal form, and also an individual entrepreneur who perform works or render services to the consumers on the chargeable agreement
The … is an organization, regardless of its organisational and legal form, and also an individual entrepreneur who sellsgoods to consumers under a sale contract
If an individual does not meet the required definition (e.g., an individual entrepreneur, who buys goods in the course of his business), he is notsubject to the Consumer
… Law
If a product fails to comply with its description or the regulations regarding production or labelling, it is
consideredto be ‘…’for the purposes of this provision, thus subjecting the defendant to liability
A claim for damage caused to health, life or property may be brought against a … (either seller or executor) at the
consumer’sdiscretion
The manufacturer (but not theseller) must compensate the … against losses suffered as a result of the product’s recall
Product liability in Russia is regulated by the Civil Code of the Russian Federation (the Civil Code) and the Law ‘On Consumer Protection’ dated 7 February … (the Consumer Protection Law)
Can she return goods after 14 days of the purchase? Does she need to have a receipt? Who should pay for the expertise?
… values are the highest values in a person’s value
system
… values are the valuesthat are often used
A synonym for light-hearted and joyful is …
… is defined as freedom frominner conflict
A set of principles established by the founders of the organization to communicate its underlying moral values arecalled … standards
A comprehensive legal term that describes the condition of beingactually or potentially subject to a legal
obligationis …
Match the givenexpressions with the definitions:
What’s the difference between “ethical” and “legal”? Does the case deal with Russian/English criminal law?
MercantileLaw is …
The oldest known evidence of a law codeis the …
Hammurabi’s Code contains …
Civil claims are dealt with by … law
government
The Courtsare to …
The system of rules whichregulates society is …
A system of law that prescribes conduct perceived as threatening, harmful, or otherwise endangering to the property, health,safety, and moralwelfare of people
inclusive of one’s self is… law
Mercantile law was created in … to deal with interactions between merchants, and continues to change over time due to legislative changes, case law, and long-term trends in usage
Is it public law or private law? What is the area of law?
Who will initiate the case?
Susan is an Asian-American. She wanted to continue herstudies at a local public college but her application was rejected. Susan has grounds to suppose that it was because of her ethnic origin.She filed suitagainst the college.
What law is applied in such a case?
The distinction between Public and Private Law is a purely academic debate, nevertheless, it also affects legal practice. There are areas of law, which may not fit into distinction of Public or Private Law. Study the following case:
An employment inspector investigates workplace safety, checking all the equipment. The inspector investigates workplace incidents, and conducts workplace inspections to evaluate compliance.
Decide whether it falls into the category of Public or Private law.
Mary had therapy sessions. She found out that the psychologist sent copies of her case notes to the insurance carrier responsible for reimbursement and thattherapist shouldnot have revealed this information.
Client reported psychologist to the APA Ethics Committeefor violating confidentiality principles. Psychologist explained to Ethics Committee that any client understands that their confidentiality may be breached when using an insurance company for third- party reimbursement due to administrative and professional peer review. Nonetheless, psychologist never informed client of this risk before therapy began, rather, he assumedclient “must understand” the protocol.
Think of theEthics Committee adjudication.
Analyze the following case:
Therapist sent a third billing notice to a slow-to- pay client’s fax machine in her office but client did not report to work that day. The bill was titled “psychological services rendered” and handwritten in large print was “Third Notice – OVERDUE!!” with client’s name. Thisnotice sat in an open access mail tray of the busy office all day.
Was is reasonable? Is it allowed to send private material in such a manner?
Rachel buys a commercial welding machine for her building business. A few weekslater, it breaks down.Can Rachel get a remedy from the store he bought it from?
Analyze the following case: Therapist sent a third billing notice to a slow-to- pay client’s fax machine in her office but client did not report to work that day. The bill was titled “psychological services rendered” and handwritten in large print was “Third Notice – OVERDUE!!” with client’s name. This notice sat in an open access mail tray of the busy office all day. Was is reasonable? Is it allowed to send private material in such a manner?
Rachel buys a commercial welding machine for her building business. A few weeks later, it breaks down. Can Rachel get a remedy from the store he bought it from?
Susan buys a cup of coffee and accidentally spills it at Kate’s bar. What must Kate do to fix the problem?
You are a lawyer. In Liza’s electronics shop in the Russia Federation Ivan buys an expensive TV-set. Three weeks after the 12-month manufacturer’s warranty expires, the TV-set stops working. Must Liza give Ivan a remedy?
Judy owns a clothing retail store. One of her customers returns a T-shirt because it doesn’t fit her. Does Judy have to give her customer a different size or a refund?
Meghan is an interior designer. A supplier installs a gondola incorrectly and it breaks a month later. Who must fix the problem?
Ben, who is 19 years old, applies for a job as a clerk in a goods store. The store manager is impressed with Ben's speaking skills and says that he would like to hire him, subject to reference checks. Later, the manager calls Ben and says that he will not be hired. On checking his references with a former employer, the manager found out that Ben was convicted of careless driving. Has the store manager violated Ben's human rights by refusing to hire him?
Stacy and several of her friends play in a women's hockey league at the skate rink. Quite frequently, the male rink attendants don’t give them their full allotted ice time. The attendants make jokes on the women. Stacy thinks that their rights are violated. She has even complained but the manager has done nothing and supported men. Have the rink attendants violated the young women's human rights?
The constitution is the main legal act of the State. It lays down the formation of a system of society and establishes the state structure, the order and justification of the idea of representatives, executive and judicial authorities, the electoral system, the rights and obligations of the state, society and citizens. Can it be argued that any constitution is the constitution of a state or society exclusively?
The defendant decided to kill his sister. He bought a knife and a bottle of strong alcohol which he drank to give himself “Dutch Courage”. Then he killed his sister. He subsequently claimed that he was so drunk that he did not know what he was doing, or possibly even that the drink had brought on a latent psychopathic state so that he was insane at the time of the killing. What was the Court’s decision?
Criminal law prosecutes activities which are …
Match the given expressions with the definitions:
The law operates in the … environment
… is a comprehensive legal term that describes the condition of being actually or potentially subject to a legal obligation
Match the given expressions with the definitions:
Arrange the needs according to Dr. Abraham Maslow starting with the highest ones:
Rospotrebnadzor inspects products (works, services) as being in conformity with obligatory … ensuring safety towards consumers and environment as well as preventing harm and damages thereto
Strict liability is applied regardless of whether or not contractual relations exist. The test for whether ‘… information’ was supplied to a consumer is quite uncertain
Consumer … laws are designed to prevent businesses from engaging in fraud or unfair practices, to protect individuals from scam artists, and identity thieves and crooks
The United Nations Guidelines for Consumer Protection, that were adopted in 1985 and revised in 1999, propose a list of objectives described as “legitimate …”
The Consumer Code in Italy came into force on 23 October 2005 and has been a … body of law for the protection of consumer rights
Match the words with the synonyms:
Match the given countries to the corresponding law systems:
‘Ius civile’ applied to … citizens
The birth and evolution of the medieval … law tradition based on Roman law was thus integral to European legal development
Arrange the milestone documents chronologically:
Arrange the milestone documents chronologically:
The United Nations has adopted … treaties in addition to the covenants in the International Bill of Human Rights
An international non-governmental organization focused on human rights, with its headquarters in the United Kingdom, is … International
Match the following acts with their purposes:
Unlike most modern states, … does not have a codified constitution but an unwritten one formed of Acts of Parliament, court judgments and conventions
The theoretical foundations of modern … were laid down in the great works on the social contract
The legislature is the Federal … of Russia, which consists of two chambers: the State Duma (the lower house) and the Federation Council (the upper house)
British people certainly say that they have a …, but it is one that exists in an abstract sense, comprising a host of diverse laws, practices and conventions that have evolved over a long period of time
Arrange the documents chronologically (consider the date of their adoption):
Match the words with the synonyms:
There are those who feel that drug crime … is a serious drain on resources, and they worry that drug laws can create more crime than they stop by generating a black market
A system of treaties and agreements between nations that governs how nations interact with other nations, citizens of other nations, and businesses of other nations is … law
An area of United States law that involves agreements between people, businesses, and groups is … law
Correlate the branch of law with regulated legal relationship:
… laws are statutory instruments made by local governments to regulate a broad range of issues within their communities
… is the estimated or appraised worth of any object or property, calculated in money
… is a comprehensive legal term that describes the condition of being actually or potentially subject to a legal obligation
… values are usually mutual for different communities and could be described using the following characteristics – socially acceptable, right and wrong
Match the words with their synonyms:
The company that makes a particular brand of sneakers is an example of the … of the sneakers
‘Ius civile’ applied to … citizens
Human Rights Without … (HRWF) is an international non-profit organization that promotes respect for human rights around the globe and advocates for democracy, the rule of law and social justice
Arrange the documents chronologically:
Arrange the documents chronologically:
Unlike most modern states, … does not have a codified constitution but an unwritten one formed of Acts of Parliament, court judgments and conventions
According to the Constitution there are 3 branches: …, executive and judiciary
… rests upon popular participation in government, constitutionalism upon disclosure of and openness about the affairs of government
In certain cases, drug use can be connected to crimes that only relate to drugs in an … way
Drug use is regarded as a real problem in many parts of the world, although the extent of the issue varies greatly depending on culture, access, and …
Drug … is a global illicit trade involving the cultivation, manufacture, distribution and sale of substances which are subject to drug prohibition laws
The distinction between Public and Private Law is a purely academic debate, nevertheless, it also affects legal practice. There are areas of law, which may not fit into distinction of Public or Private Law. Study the following case: An employment inspector investigates workplace safety, checking all the equipment. The inspector investigates workplace incidents, and conducts workplace inspections to evaluate compliance. Decide whether it falls into the category of Public or Private law.
Mary had therapy sessions. She found out that the psychologist sent copies of her case notes to the insurance carrier responsible for reimbursement and that therapist should not have revealed this information. Client reported psychologist to the APA Ethics Committee for violating confidentiality principles. Psychologist explained to Ethics Committee that any client understands that their confidentiality may be breached when using an insurance company for third-party reimbursement due to administrative and professional peer review. Nonetheless, psychologist never informed client of this risk before therapy began, rather, he assumed client “must understand” the protocol. Think of the Ethics Committee adjudication.
Analyze the following case: Therapist sent a third billing notice to a slow-to- pay client’s fax machine in her office but client did not report to work that day. The bill was titled “psychological services rendered” and handwritten in large print was “Third Notice – OVERDUE!!” with client’s name. This notice sat in an open access mail tray of the busy office all day. Was is reasonable? Is it allowed to send private material in such a manner?
Rachel buys a commercial welding machine for her building business. A few weeks later, it breaks down. Can Rachel get a remedy from the store he bought it from?
Susan buys a cup of coffee and accidentally spills it at Kate’s bar. What must Kate do to fix the problem?
You are a lawyer. In Liza’s electronics shop in the Russia Federation Ivan buys an expensive TV-set. Three weeks after the 12-month manufacturer’s warranty expires, the TV-set stops working. Must Liza give Ivan a remedy?
Judy owns a clothing retail store. One of her customers returns a T-shirt because it doesn’t fit her. Does Judy have to give her customer a different size or a refund?
Meghan is an interior designer. A supplier installs a gondola incorrectly and it breaks a month later. Who must fix the problem?
Mary had therapy sessions. She found out that the psychologist sent copies of her case notes to the insurance carrier responsible for reimbursement and that therapist should not have revealed this information. Client reported psychologist to the APA Ethics Committee for violating confidentiality principles. Psychologist explained to Ethics Committee that any client understands that their confidentiality may be breached when using an insurance company for third-party reimbursement due to administrative and professional peer review. Nonetheless, psychologist never informed client of this risk before therapy began, rather, he assumed client “must understand” the protocol. Think of the Ethics Committee adjudication.
Analyze the following case: Therapist sent a third billing notice to a slow-to- pay client’s fax machine in her office but client did not report to work that day. The bill was titled “psychological services rendered” and handwritten in large print was “Third Notice – OVERDUE!!” with client’s name. This notice sat in an open access mail tray of the busy office all day. Was is reasonable? Is it allowed to send private material in such a manner?
Rachel buys a commercial welding machine for her building business. A few weeks later, it breaks down. Can Rachel get a remedy from the store he bought it from?
Susan buys a cup of coffee and accidentally spills it at Kate’s bar. What must Kate do to fix the problem?
Judy owns a clothing retail store. One of her customers returns a T-shirt because it doesn’t fit her. Does Judy have to give her customer a different size or a refund?
Meghan is an interior designer. A supplier installs a gondola incorrectly and it breaks a month later. Who must fix the problem?
Stacy and several of her friends play in a women's hockey league at the skate rink. Quite frequently, the male rink attendants don’t give them their full allotted ice time. The attendants make jokes on the women. Stacy thinks that their rights are violated. She has even complained but the manager has done nothing and supported men. Have the rink attendants violated the young women's human rights?
Susan is an Asian-American. She wanted to continue her studies at a local public college but her application was rejected. Susan has grounds to suppose that it was because of her ethnic origin. She filed suit against the college.
What law is applied in such a case?
The distinction between Public and Private Law is a purely academic debate, nevertheless, it also affects legal practice. There are areas of law, which may not fit into distinction of Public or Private Law. Study the following case:
An employment inspector investigates workplace safety, checking all the equipment. The inspector investigates workplace incidents, and conducts workplace inspections to evaluate compliance.
Decide whether it falls into the category of Public or
Private law.
Mary had therapy sessions. She found out that the psychologist sent copies of her case notes to the insurance carrier responsible for reimbursement and that therapist should not have revealed this information.
Client reported psychologist to the APA Ethics Committee for violating confidentiality principles. Psychologist explained to Ethics Committee that any client understands that their confidentiality may be breached when using an insurance company for third-party reimbursement due to administrative and professional peer review. Nonetheless, psychologist never informed client of this risk before therapy began, rather, he assumed client “must understand” the protocol.
Think of the Ethics Committee adjudication.
Analyze the following case:
Therapist sent a third billing notice to a slow-to- pay
client’s fax machine in her office but client did not report to work that day. The bill was titled “psychological
services rendered” and handwritten in large print was “Third Notice – OVERDUE!!” with client’s name. This notice sat in an open access mail tray of the busy office all day.
Was is reasonable? Is it allowed to send private material
in such a manner?
Rachel buys a commercial welding machine for her building business. A few weeks later, it breaks down. Can Rachel get a remedy from the store he bought it from?
Susan buys a cup of coffee and accidentally spills it at Kate’s bar.
What must Kate do to fix the problem?
You are a lawyer. In Liza’s electronics shop in the Russia Federation Ivan buys an expensive TV-set. Three weeks after the 12-month manufacturer’s warranty expires, the TV-set stops working.
Must Liza give Ivan a remedy?
Judy owns a clothing retail store. One of her customers returns a T-shirt because it doesn’t fit her.
Does Judy have to give her customer a different size or a refund?
The idea of written laws first appears in … culture
We can find he expression “An eye for an eye, and a tooth for a tooth” in the …
law deals with marriage and divorce
A number of principles of a formal and procedural character, addressing the way in which a community is governed comprises …
The main spheres of law are …
… is classified as private law
The body of rules, doctrines, and practices that govern the operation of political communities is …
Criminal law prosecutes activities which are …
A person who hears a case at court is called a …
The legal framework within which public administration is carried out is … law
A system of treaties and agreements between nations that governs how nations interact with other nations, citizens of other nations, and businesses of other nations is … law
Most rules of law have developed from the … that are known as a settled and accepted way of behavior in the defined circumstances
A legal … is the legal condition of a person who is required or forbidden by the law to perform an act
is a scheme of social control that is represented by a combination of relations between several things
The law creates a … system including the system of the courts for mitigating controversies
An area of United States law that involves agreements between people, businesses, and groups is … law
Correlate the branch of law with regulated legal relationship:
Match the given expressions with the definitions:
Arrange the following areas of law chronologically according to their appearance:
Arrange the sources of law according to their importance (start with the least important):
… is usually connected with what is believed to be right or wrong, with human moral principles or values
Law creates not only …, but also justifications for people to behave in acertain way (lawful behaviour)
It is not correct that … belongsto terminal valuesThe forms of laws are …
The law operates in the … environment
… is the area of law that deals with agreements between people, businesses, and groups
Laws are binding for the members of the society because…
The laws are enforced according to their acceptance by …
… laws are statutory instruments made by local governments to regulate a broad range of issues withintheir communities
… is the estimated or appraised worth of any object or property, calculated in money
… is a comprehensive legal term that describes thecondition of beingactually or potentially subject to a legalobligation… is the condition of being free of restraints, especially the ability to act without control or interference by another or by circumstance
… is firm adherence to a code of especially moral or artistic values
… values are usually mutual for different communities and could be described usingthe following characteristics
– socially acceptable, right and wrong
… is concerned with human actions, and the choice of those actions, andevaluates those actions, and the valuesthat underlie themAlthough,there are values accepted by the whole
community,there are also … values thatmay be specific
Attributethe following termsto the appropriate groups:
Arrange the needs according to Dr. Abraham Maslow starting with the highest ones:
Arrange the values according to the theory of values by MaxScheler starting from the basic values:
… are responsible for ensuring product safety and to control the protection of human rights
The functions of Rospotrebnadzor’s officials are to … (choose 2 correct answers)
If a warranty period is established for the goods, the buyer has the right to make claims related to the short delivery of the goods within…Apart from Rospotrebnadzor, protection of … rights in Russia is also conducted by municipal authorities that review applications from consumers, give necessary consultations and apply to courts to protect consumers
There are voluntary … of consumers (generally formed as non-commercial enterprises) who also protect consumers
Rospotrebnadzor inspects products (works, services) as being in conformity with obligatory … ensuring safety towards consumers and environment as well as preventing harm and damages thereto… and supervision of consumer protection by Rospotrebnadzor acting pursuant to its Regulations approved by Resolution of the Russian Government
The role of voluntary associations of consumers is to …Under the Russian law, the state control and … ofconsumer protection as well as sanitary and epidemiological safety of the population is conducted by the Russian Federal Consumer Rights Protection and Human HealthControl Service (Rospotrebnadzor)
In Russia rather than having a single product liability …, therelevant rules are scattered among various laws
The … Code and the Consumer Protection Law contain a number of provisions by which manufacturers may incur liability for loss or damage suffered by the consumers of their productsStrict liability is applied regardless of whether or not contractual relations exist. The test for whether ‘…
information’ was supplied to aconsumer is quite
uncertain
Code of … Offences establishes liability for certain offences committed against a consumer, such as: selling goods and rendering works or services of improper
quality
… is an organisation, regardless of the organisational- and-legal form thereof, or an individual businessman
engaged in importing commodities for their subsequent sale
Product … is the ability of a product to be safe forintended use, as determined when evaluated against a setof established rules
Consumer … laws are designed to prevent businessesfrom engaging in fraud or unfair practices, to protect individuals from scam artists, and identity thieves and
crooks
Match the wordswith their synonyms:
Match the wordswith their synonyms:
Arrange the actions according to the order in which the goods are returned:
Arrange the following legal actschronologically:
The United Nations Guidelines for Consumer Protection, that were adopted in 1985 and revised in 1999, propose a list of objectives described as “legitimate …”
It is not correct that … is included in the guidelines for Consumer protection
A turning point in the Consumer Protection Legislation was the … Treaty, signedon February 7, 1992 and ratified
by Law no. 454 of November 3, 1992 that transformed theEuropean Community in European Union
A prominent growth in the individual associations took placein Europe in …
The purpose of a green paper of the European Commission of 2001 was …
The EU legislation provides for some consumer protection or regulates the power of national authorities to introduce consumer protection …Consumer protection in the American legislation is implemented through …
Laws currently in force in England include…The Consumer Code in Italy came into force on 23October 2005 and has been a … body of law for the protection of consumer rights
The company that makes a particular brand of sneakers is an example of the… of the sneakers
… measures are referred to as acts or, in the case of bicameral legislatures, joint or concurrent resolutions of bothhouses… is overall quality or character, that helps you to attractnew customers and build customer loyalty
The individual associations remained weak until, in 1989, was created the … Consumers and Users Association which was attended by nine associationsThe … Directive is the foundational legal framework for online services in the EU
A branch of the law that governs the horizontal relationships among private parties is … law
… flaw in goods (works, services) means a flaw that it is impossible to eliminate or a flaw which cannot be eliminated without spending an in commensurate outlays or time or which occurs repeatedly or which emerges again afterit has been eliminated or other similar flawsPut the steps of the consumer decision making process in the appropriate order:
Arrange the following acts chronologically:
Match the words with the synonyms:
Match the given countries to the corresponding law systems:
The “cooling off” period available to consumers who change their mindsabout goods they'vebought from a retailer in Russia takes …Historically, under the common law doctrine of caveat emptor, … hadvery little protection frommisleading
sales, requiring consumers to inspect all transactions themselves
The rights and responsibilities of consumers, legal provisions and mechanism for settlement of consumer grievances are called … protection
Consumer protection laws safeguard … of goods and services against defective products and deceptive, fraudulent business practices
The agency responsible for inspecting complaints of scamsand fraud against businesses is …
Consumer protection laws and actions had a rapid growth in the …
Reading … reviews can tell you more about a company or product
If you buy something online and it is … or not asadvertised or not fit for purpose you will have exactly the samerights as if youbought it in a shop.The earliest Consumer Protection law was…
The … and anti-monopoly laws passed both at the close of the 19th century, as well as the early years of the 20th century disallowed for the commercial monopolization of the commercial market for the first time in conjunction with recorded and mandated legislature within theUnited States
Consumer Protection within the computer age preventsfrom the defrauding of consumers engaging within the … marketplace upon regulating the methods and activities of electronic commerce and transactions
Consumer Protection Laws specific to … commerce provides the regulation and oversight of the integrity of products and services offered within a virtual
marketplace
The Regulation on Consumer Protection Cooperation (CPC)is applicable in the … Economic Area
The aim of the … is to share information about cross- border commercial activities that may affect consumer interests, and to encourage international cooperation among lawenforcement agenciesThe Federal Trade Commission’s mission is to protect consumers and promote …
The Federal Trade… works withforeign competition andconsumer protection authority, and cooperates with foreign authorities on enforcement and policy matters through formaland informal agreementsThe Product Liability … of 1985 was the first consumer protection measure
Consumers face high cost and time barriers to taking action againsta business, resulting in low usage ofconsumer…
Arrangethe following consumer acts chronologically:
Match the words with the synonyms:
Antique shop owner Mary uses a courier serviceto ship a set of china to John. The china set gets broken during delivery. You are a lawyer. Advise Mary as toher liability.
Who will be responsible for fixing the problem?
… is the practice of safeguarding buyers of goods and services, and the public, against unfair practices in the marketplace
Consumer protection ensures that … make well-informeddecisions about their choices and have access to effective redress mechanisms
Product … in Russia is regulated by the Civil Code of the Russian Federation (the Civil Code) and the Law “OnConsumer Protection” dated 7 February 1992 (the Consumer Protection Law)
The … Code and the Consumer Protection Law contain a number of provisions by which manufacturers may incur liability for loss or damage suffered by the consumers of their products, regardless of whether or not a direct contractual relationship exists
Russia belongs to …
It is not correct that legal doctrine is alsorecognized as a
… of law
The basic feature of the Russian legislation regulating product liability is …
The product can be recalled fromthe market andfrom consumers by …
Productsmust be recalled when…The … is an individual who has the intention of ordering or acquiring goods (works, services) or who orders, acquires or uses them exclusively for personal, family, household and other needsnot relating to the pursuance of entrepreneurial activities
The … is an organization regardless of its organisational and legal form and also an individual entrepreneur who performs works or renders services to consumers under a cost contract
The … is an organization, regardless of its organisational and legal form, and also an individual entrepreneur who perform works or render services to the consumers on the chargeable agreement
The … is an organization, regardless of its organisational and legal form, and also an individual entrepreneur who sellsgoods to consumers under a sale contract
If an individual does not meet the required definition (e.g., an individual entrepreneur, who buys goods in the course of his business), he is notsubject to the Consumer
… Law
If a product fails to comply with its description or the regulations regarding production or labelling, it is
consideredto be ‘…’for the purposes of this provision, thus subjecting the defendant to liability
A claim for damage caused to health, life or property may be brought against a … (either seller or executor) at the
consumer’sdiscretion
The manufacturer (but not theseller) must compensate the … against losses suffered as a result of the product’s recall
Product liability in Russia is regulated by the Civil Code of the Russian Federation (the Civil Code) and the Law ‘On Consumer Protection’ dated 7 February … (the Consumer Protection Law)
Establish the sequence of actions to make a return request:
You are a lawyer. Your client is Tatyana who boughtboots in the shop 35 days ago. Yesterday she found out thather boots had a hole.She wants to have her money back as she states thatit was a defective product.Can she return goods after 14 days of the purchase? Does she need to have a receipt? Who should pay for the expertise?
… values are the highest values in a person’s value
system
… values are the valuesthat are often used
Basic and fundamental beliefs that guide or motivate attitudes or actions are …
It is not correct that … belongto instrumental valuesA synonym for light-hearted and joyful is …
… is defined as freedom frominner conflict
… are supposed to be reflected in law as law shouldbe based on what society sees as acceptable, fair, just
… values are the goals that a person would like to achieve during his or her lifetime
Milton Rokeach defines values as enduring beliefs that … arepreferred
As a member of a profession dedicated to the service of clients, a … should be committed to the values
The principles concerning the distinction between right and wrongor good and badbehaviour are …
Some scholars don’t distinguish between morals and …A set of principles established by the founders of the organization to communicate its underlying moral values arecalled … standards
Values are practical based on the previous …, usually of several generations
Values are frequently regarded as “enduring …” that are stable and reflect the way the decisions are made.
Both terminal and … values affectpeople’s personal as wellas professional lives alike
The ethical norms, values, and principles that guide a profession and the ethics of decisions made within theprofession are called… ethicsA comprehensive legal term that describes the condition of beingactually or potentially subject to a legal
obligationis …
Match the givenexpressions with the definitions:
Arrange the needs according to Dr. Abraham Maslow starting from the basic ones:
Adultery is a voluntary sexual intercourse between amarried person and someone other than that person's current spouse or partner. The Code of Hammurabi in Babylonia provided a punishment of death by drowning for adultery. In ancient Greece and in Roman law, an offending female spouse could be killed, but men were not severely punished. Study the following case: “The husband alleged that he saw his wife talking with another person on threeoccasions”.What’s the difference between “ethical” and “legal”? Does the case deal with Russian/English criminal law?
MercantileLaw is …
The oldest known evidence of a law codeis the …
Hammurabi’s Code contains …
The … considered the Twelve Tables, the first codification ofRoman law, to beamong their greatest achievements
It is not correct that … are a capacityCivil claims are dealt with by … law
The elements to ensure legal capacities and liabilities include …
… secure guiding liberties and rights from the unreasonable intrusions by persons, organizations, orgovernment
The Courtsare to …
The system of rules whichregulates society is …
A system of law that prescribes conduct perceived as threatening, harmful, or otherwise endangering to the property, health,safety, and moralwelfare of people
inclusive of one’s self is… law
A system of law that represents rights and obligations in the sphere of business transactions is … law
The idea of written laws goes back to ancient … culture that prospered long before the Bible was written or the civilizations of the Greeksor Romans floweredAnother important function of … is the protection of the legitimate interests of citizens
The … of law comprises a number of principles of aformal and procedural character, addressing the way in whicha community is governedMercantile law was created in … to deal with interactions between merchants, and continues to change over time due to legislative changes, case law, and long-term trends in usage
The … of the State Council fulfil their responsibilities independently.
The very first legislation known to history which affirmed the legal personhood of women is called the … of HammurabiCorrelate the branch of law with regulated legal relationship:
Arrange the sources of law according to their importance (start with the most important one):
There are various fields of law. The types of law students choose to pursue often determine the firms they can apply to once they graduate. Here’s a case that can be attributed to one field of law: a golf player known for hisspeed and elusiveness murdered his wife.Is it public law or private law? What is the area of law?
Who will initiate the case?
Susan is an Asian-American. She wanted to continue herstudies at a local public college but her application was rejected. Susan has grounds to suppose that it was because of her ethnic origin.She filed suitagainst the college.
What law is applied in such a case?
The distinction between Public and Private Law is a purely academic debate, nevertheless, it also affects legal practice. There are areas of law, which may not fit into distinction of Public or Private Law. Study the following case:
An employment inspector investigates workplace safety, checking all the equipment. The inspector investigates workplace incidents, and conducts workplace inspections to evaluate compliance.
Decide whether it falls into the category of Public or Private law.
Mary had therapy sessions. She found out that the psychologist sent copies of her case notes to the insurance carrier responsible for reimbursement and thattherapist shouldnot have revealed this information.
Client reported psychologist to the APA Ethics Committeefor violating confidentiality principles. Psychologist explained to Ethics Committee that any client understands that their confidentiality may be breached when using an insurance company for third- party reimbursement due to administrative and professional peer review. Nonetheless, psychologist never informed client of this risk before therapy began, rather, he assumedclient “must understand” the protocol.
Think of theEthics Committee adjudication.
Analyze the following case:
Therapist sent a third billing notice to a slow-to- pay client’s fax machine in her office but client did not report to work that day. The bill was titled “psychological services rendered” and handwritten in large print was “Third Notice – OVERDUE!!” with client’s name. Thisnotice sat in an open access mail tray of the busy office all day.
Was is reasonable? Is it allowed to send private material in such a manner?
Rachel buys a commercial welding machine for her building business. A few weekslater, it breaks down.Can Rachel get a remedy from the store he bought it from?
Analyze the following case: Therapist sent a third billing notice to a slow-to- pay client’s fax machine in her office but client did not report to work that day. The bill was titled “psychological services rendered” and handwritten in large print was “Third Notice – OVERDUE!!” with client’s name. This notice sat in an open access mail tray of the busy office all day. Was is reasonable? Is it allowed to send private material in such a manner?
Rachel buys a commercial welding machine for her building business. A few weeks later, it breaks down. Can Rachel get a remedy from the store he bought it from?
Susan buys a cup of coffee and accidentally spills it at Kate’s bar. What must Kate do to fix the problem?
You are a lawyer. In Liza’s electronics shop in the Russia Federation Ivan buys an expensive TV-set. Three weeks after the 12-month manufacturer’s warranty expires, the TV-set stops working. Must Liza give Ivan a remedy?
Judy owns a clothing retail store. One of her customers returns a T-shirt because it doesn’t fit her. Does Judy have to give her customer a different size or a refund?
Meghan is an interior designer. A supplier installs a gondola incorrectly and it breaks a month later. Who must fix the problem?
Ben, who is 19 years old, applies for a job as a clerk in a goods store. The store manager is impressed with Ben's speaking skills and says that he would like to hire him, subject to reference checks. Later, the manager calls Ben and says that he will not be hired. On checking his references with a former employer, the manager found out that Ben was convicted of careless driving. Has the store manager violated Ben's human rights by refusing to hire him?
Stacy and several of her friends play in a women's hockey league at the skate rink. Quite frequently, the male rink attendants don’t give them their full allotted ice time. The attendants make jokes on the women. Stacy thinks that their rights are violated. She has even complained but the manager has done nothing and supported men. Have the rink attendants violated the young women's human rights?
The constitution is the main legal act of the State. It lays down the formation of a system of society and establishes the state structure, the order and justification of the idea of representatives, executive and judicial authorities, the electoral system, the rights and obligations of the state, society and citizens. Can it be argued that any constitution is the constitution of a state or society exclusively?
The defendant decided to kill his sister. He bought a knife and a bottle of strong alcohol which he drank to give himself “Dutch Courage”. Then he killed his sister. He subsequently claimed that he was so drunk that he did not know what he was doing, or possibly even that the drink had brought on a latent psychopathic state so that he was insane at the time of the killing. What was the Court’s decision?
Criminal law prosecutes activities which are …
Match the given expressions with the definitions:
The law operates in the … environment
… is a comprehensive legal term that describes the condition of being actually or potentially subject to a legal obligation
Match the given expressions with the definitions:
Arrange the needs according to Dr. Abraham Maslow starting with the highest ones:
Rospotrebnadzor inspects products (works, services) as being in conformity with obligatory … ensuring safety towards consumers and environment as well as preventing harm and damages thereto
Strict liability is applied regardless of whether or not contractual relations exist. The test for whether ‘… information’ was supplied to a consumer is quite uncertain
Consumer … laws are designed to prevent businesses from engaging in fraud or unfair practices, to protect individuals from scam artists, and identity thieves and crooks
The United Nations Guidelines for Consumer Protection, that were adopted in 1985 and revised in 1999, propose a list of objectives described as “legitimate …”
The Consumer Code in Italy came into force on 23 October 2005 and has been a … body of law for the protection of consumer rights
Match the words with the synonyms:
Match the given countries to the corresponding law systems:
‘Ius civile’ applied to … citizens
The birth and evolution of the medieval … law tradition based on Roman law was thus integral to European legal development
Arrange the milestone documents chronologically:
Arrange the milestone documents chronologically:
The United Nations has adopted … treaties in addition to the covenants in the International Bill of Human Rights
An international non-governmental organization focused on human rights, with its headquarters in the United Kingdom, is … International
Match the following acts with their purposes:
Unlike most modern states, … does not have a codified constitution but an unwritten one formed of Acts of Parliament, court judgments and conventions
The theoretical foundations of modern … were laid down in the great works on the social contract
The legislature is the Federal … of Russia, which consists of two chambers: the State Duma (the lower house) and the Federation Council (the upper house)
British people certainly say that they have a …, but it is one that exists in an abstract sense, comprising a host of diverse laws, practices and conventions that have evolved over a long period of time
Arrange the documents chronologically (consider the date of their adoption):
Match the words with the synonyms:
There are those who feel that drug crime … is a serious drain on resources, and they worry that drug laws can create more crime than they stop by generating a black market
